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Senna | Cassia Angustifolia | Standards
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As per Indian Ayurvedic Pharmacopia ( API)
Introduction | Synonyms | Description | Identity
Purity & Strength
Constituents | Properties and Action | Important
Formulations| Therapeutic Uses
Dose |
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Introduction
Senna consists of dried leaves of Cassia-angustifolia
Vahl (Fam. Leguminosae); a small shrub, 60-75 cm high,
found throughout the year, cultivated largely in
Southern India, especially in districts of Tinnevelly,
Madurai and Tiruchirapally and has also been
introduced in Mysore; fully grown, thick bluish colour
leaves stripped off by hand, collected and dried in
shade for 7-10 days, till assume a yellowish-green
colour; graded and then packed into large bales.
Synonyms
Assam. : Sonamukhi
Beng. : Svarnmukhi,Sonapata
Eng.: Indian Senna,Tinnevelly Senna
Guj.: Mindhiaval,Sonamukhi
Hindi.: Sanaya, Hindisana
Kan. : Nelavrika, Sonamukhi,Nelaavare,Nela Aavariake
Kash.: Sna
Mal.: Sunnamukhi, Nilavaka, Chinnukki,Adapatiyan
Mar.: Sonamukhi
Ori.: Sunamukhi
Punj.: Sanapati, Sarnapatta, Sannamakhi
Tam.: Nilapponnai, Avarai
Tel.: Sunamukhi
Urdu.: Senna, Barg-e-Sana
Description
Macroscopic: Leaflets, 2.5-6 cm long and 7-15 mm wide
at center, pale yellowish-green, elongated lanceolate,
slightly asymmetric at base; margins entire, flat,
apex acute with a sharp spine; both surfaces smooth
with sparce trichomes; odour, faint but distinctive;
taste, mucilaginous and disagreeable but not
distinctly bitter.
Microscopic:Transverse section of leaflet through
midrib shows an isobilateral structure; epidermal
cells, straight walled, containing mucilage; both
surfaces bear scattered, unicellular hair, often
conical, curved near base, thick-walled,
non-lignified; warty cuticle; stomata, paracytic,
numerous on both surfaces; mesophyll consists of upper
and lower palisade layers with spongy layer in
between; palisade cells of upper surface longer than
those of lower surface, the latter having wavy
anticlinal walls; prismatic crystals of calcium
oxalate present in larger veins, and clusters of
calcium oxalate crystal distributed throughout the
palisade and spongy tissues; midrib biconvex; bundles
of midrib and larger veins, incompletely surrounded by
a zone pericyclic fibres and a crystal sheath of
parenchymatous cells, containing prismatic crystals of
calcium oxalate.
Identity
Purity & Strength
Foreign matter - Not more than 1 percent,
Total ash - Not more than 15 percent,
Acid-insoluble ash – Not more than 21 percent,
Alcohol soluble extractive - Not less than 3 per cent,
Water-soluble extractive - Not less than 25 per cent
Constituents
Anthraquinone, glocoside, flavonoids, steroids and
resin.
Properties & Action
Rasa : Katu.Tikta,Kasaya
Guna : Laghu, Ruksa,Tiksna
Virya : Usna
Vipaka : Katu
Karma : Recana
Important
Formulations
Pancasakara curna, sarivadyasava.
Therapeutic Uses
Vibandha, Udararoga
Dose
0.5-2g of the drug in powder form.
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